Importance and scope of Chemistry

Importance and scope of Chemistry

Importance of Chemistry in Everyday Life
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Chemicals of Food in Everyday Life

The following chemicals are widely used in food materials.
Colouring agents
Artificial preservatives
Flow stabilisers
Binding substance
Artificial sweetness
Antioxidants
Minerals
Vitamins

These substances do not have nutritional value except vitamins. Also Read: Important Questions on Chemistry in Everyday Life

Artificial Preservatives: They prevent spoilage of food by stopping the growth of microorganisms. For example, sodium benzoate and sodium meta bisulphate.
Artificial Sweetness: They do not impart any calories to the body since these substances are excreted through urine. For example, Aspartame: It is used in cool drinks and ice creams. Alitame: It is 2000 times sweeter than sucrose. Antioxidants: They prevent the spoilage of food by preventing the oxidation of food. For example, Butylated hydroxyl tolerance (BHT) Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) Dyes are coloured organic compounds that are used to impart colour to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs and cosmetics. Dyes are classified into natural dyes and synthetic dyes.

Chemistry of Cleansing Agents in Everyday Life
What are soap and detergents? Soaps are sodium or potassium salt of higher carboxylic acid such as stearic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid, whereas detergents contain a long chain of alkyl groups. Detergents, in comparison to soaps, can also function in hard water. Saponification: Alkaline hydrolysis of triesters of glycerol to form soap is known as saponification. Soap does not function in hard water since they precipitate in it.

How do soaps work?
Soaps are generally sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids. Soap molecules have a hydrophobic as well as a hydrophilic part. While the hydrophilic part clings to the water when washing, the hydrophobic end clings to the dirt particles. Thus, when we pour away the water, the dirt particles wash away with the soap molecules. Also Read: Cleansing Action of Soaps and Detergents

Types of Soaps
Toilet Soaps: Potassium soaps are softer than sodium soaps. Floating Soaps: They can be prepared by beating soap bubbles. Transparent Soaps: They contain soap dissolved in excess of alcohol, and it is evaporated. Medicated Soaps: They contain soaps by adding little amounts of Dettol, Savlon, etc. Laundry Soaps: They mainly contain sodium rosinate and borax.

Types of Detergents
Anionic Detergent: In this type, anions act as detergents. For example, sodium lauryl sulphate Cationic Detergent: In this type, cations act as detergents. For example, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Non-ionic Detergent: They are neutral. The whole molecule acts as a detergent. For example, polyethylene glycol stearate.

Chemistry of Cosmetics in Everyday Life
Cosmetics contain the following categories of chemicals:
Emulsifiers: They increase the stability of the emulsion. For example, potassium cetyl sulfate. Preservatives: They are added to cosmetics to increase their shelf life. For example, benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid. Thickeners: They give an appealing consistency. For example, cetyl alcohol and stearic acid. Emollients: They soften the skin by preventing water loss. For example, glycerine and zinc oxide. Glimmer and Shiners: For example, mica, bismuth oxychloride.